Why are people scared and why people dont want to go to doctors Research Paper

Why are people scared and why people dont want to go to doctors - Research Paper Example Regardless of the disease, timely diagnosis and treatment are vital to achieve the desired health outcomes (Storla, Yimer & Bjune 15). More often than not, the map of the problem looks as if patients have some inherent emotional or mental disorder that prevents them visiting their physicians on time. In reality, the situation is quite different, and it is not patients’ fault that they cannot reach the doctor on time. It is because of problems with medical care, failure to provide safe and painless medical manipulations, and speak with patients adequately and comprehensively that individuals develop the fear of medicine and refuse to visit their physicians on time. To begin with, the quality of medical care by itself becomes a serious barrier to accessing and using health care. Modern life is very active and people prefer to turn to their urgent responsibilities than to sit and wait until the doctor is free to receive the next patient. Patients do not want to go to doctors, because they expect they will need to wait hours, before they get to the needed specialist. Waiting times remain a serious problem in today’s health care, and few patients are willing to spend hours in the waiting line. As a result some patients fail to visit a doctor even after spending much time near his room, because the doctor has to go home as his working day is over. This situation is not acceptable at all and serious measures should be taken. â€Å"Time spent waiting is a resource investment by the patient for the desired goal of being seen by the physician and therefore may be moderated by the outcome† (Anderson, Camacho & Balkrishnan 31). However, how much is much and how much is enough to sit waiting for the physician? It is like waiting for hours in the Hopkins Gynecology Clinic: â€Å"The public wards at Hopkins were filled with patients, most of them black and

Blue Jeans - American Cultural Artifact Essay Example for Free

Blue Jeans American Cultural Artifact Essay Blue jeans in the last thirty years have attained such world wide popularity that they have come to be considered an American icon. However jeans have not always been held in high stead, but rather have had a troubled history including its beginnings within the working class movement, being considered unsavory by religious leaders and also seen as a rebellious statement about ‘western decadence’. According to the University of Toronto, no other garment has served as an example of status ambivalence and ambiguity than blue jeans in the history of fashion. Throughout this essay I will discuss how jeans have become such a common treasured and even expensive item crossing over class, gender, age, regional, and national lines as reflected by the many changing political views and acceptance from various social classes over the past 50 years. History of Blue Jeans According to the University of Toronto, blue jeans were originally created for the California coal miners in the mid-nineteenth century by the Morris Levi Strauss, a Bavarian immigrant who relocated to New York in 1847. Mr Strauss’ fate and the history of clothing changed forever when in 1872 he received an offer from Jacob Davis, a tailor from Reno Nevada. Mr. Davis, in order to improve the durability of the pants that he made for his clients, had been adding metal rivets to the highly stressed seams. The idea was successful and he wished to patent it, but due to financial constraints required a partner and hence Levi became the financial backer and partner. In 1873, the new partners received a patent for â€Å"an improvement in Fastening Pocket-Openings†, and thus the history of blue jeans as we know them began. Blue jeans were originally called â€Å"waist overalls† by Levi Strauss and Co and in the 1920’s these were the most widely used worker’s pants in America. The name of these trousers changed to â€Å"jeans† in the 1960’s when Levi Strauss and Co. recognized that this was what the product was being called by the young, hip teenage boys. The history of waist overalls continues as the history of blue jeans. Jeans is now generally understood to refer to pants made out of a specific type of fabric called denim (Fashion Encyclopedia). Blue Jeans through the decades The popularity of blue jeans spread among working people, such as farmers and the ranchers of the American West. According to the Encyclopedia of Fashion, in the 1930’s jeans became so popular among cowboys that Wrangler formed just to make denim work clothing for those who rode the range. Jeans have tended to follow along in popularity with popular culture as evident with the popular Western films which found adventure and romance in the adventures of the cowboys who rode horses, shot bad guys, and wore blue jeans. Those who wished to imitate the casual, rugged look of the cowboys they saw in films began to wear jeans as casual wear (Fashion Encyclopedia). This effect is not hard to understand, as even today fashion trends are greatly influenced by what highly publicized celebrities choose to wear. During World War II blue jeans became part of the official uniform of the Navy and Coast Guard, and became even more popular when worn as off-duty leisure clothing by many other soldiers. In his book, â€Å"Jeans: A Cultural History of an American Icon†, James Sullivan states that the rise of the popularity of jeans after the WWII can greatly be attributed to the influence of the film and music industry, during the 1950s many young people began to wear jeans when they saw them on rebellious young American film stars such as Marlon Brando and James Dean. By 1950, Levi’s began selling nationally and other brands started emerging, such as Lee Coopers and each with its own particular fit (Sullivan 287). According to the University of Toronto, in the 1960’s and 1970’s jeans were embraced by the nonconformist hippie youth movement, and the history of blue jeans even gets linked to the downfall of communism. Behind the iron curtain, jeans became a symbol of â€Å"western decadence† and individuality and as such were highly sought. Jeans had become extremely popular, but were still mainly worn by working people or the young. In the 1980’s through to the 1990’s jeans were no longer seen as rebellious or a source of individuality, but they were transformed as the term ‘designer jeans’ was discovered. Many designers such as Jordache and Calvin Klein came on board to create expensive jeans and some jeans even reached haute couture status (Fashion Encyclopedia). In the new millennium denim is seen on designer catwalks and there are now hundreds of styles, types and labels available and of various price ranges. Changing Popularity According to Peter Beagle in his book â€Å"American Denim: A New Folk Art†, the popularity of jeans can be attributed to the fact that jeans can be seen to embrace the American democratic values of independence, freedom and equality. Some Americans even consider jeans to be the national uniform. Blue jeans have evolved from a garment associated exclusively with hard work to one associated with leisure. What began as work clothes has transformed into one of the hottest items available on the consumer market today. What was once apparel associated with low culture has undergone a reversal in status. Blue jeans were the first to accomplish a rather revolutionary cultural achievement bringing upper class status to a lower class garment. Conclusion At one point or another throughout history, blue jeans have been the uniform of many groups and are considered the one garment of clothing that has remained hip for over a century and has survived everything from World War II to the eighties. For half a century blue jeans have helped define every youth movement, and every effort of older generations to deny the passing of youth. Fifty years ago America invented the concept of teenager, and it is probably no coincidence that the enduring character of blue jeans, claiming independence and the right to self-expression, can be traced to the same time. Jeans were once seen as clothing for minority groups such as workers, hippies or rebellious youth, but are now embraced by the dominant American culture as a whole.

The Benefits of the Statehood for Puerto Rico :: essays research papers

Benefits of the statehood for Puerto Rico The intention of this essay is to demonstrate to a vision rational, concordant political leader to the Puerto Rican, American and worldwide reality. It responds to the necessity that to the statehood it is necessary to imagine it and to expose it with all the evidence available, since many Puerto Ricans, including many political leaders, do not know like defending it or exposing it before the peculiar ones or our adversaries. Puerto Rico is smallest and Eastern of the Greater Antilles. The north of Venezuela has left approximately to 500 miles, 80 miles to the east of the Spanish, and to 1.200 miles to the Southeastern of the city of Miami, in the North American state of Florida. The U.S.A. annexed to Puerto Rico to the closing of the Hispano-American War, in 1898. Within the American constitutional system, Puerto Rico is considered a "territory organized, not incorporated." This adjustment, formulated by the Supreme Court of the U.S.A. in a series of opinions known like the Insulars Decisions there by year 1903, treats to Puerto Rico like a foreign property of the U.S.A. in terms of internal relations, but like part of the North American national territory before the international law. In order to complicate the things, like not-incorporated territory, Puerto Rico never it was put in automatic route towards a possible statehood since it they have been all the other incorporated territories, as it they have not either been the other not-incorporated territories of Guam, the Virgin Islands and the Marianas Islands of the North. Confused contradictory and, the situation have been evolving gradually to one of gradual integration of Puerto Rico with the U.S.A. The legal and constitutional evolution of the law and precedents that has been accumulated through the years from the promulgation of the Insulars Decisions have tended to treat to Puerto Rico more and more like a state federated in very many areas of their political and economic subjects, except in the most important subject of their last sovereignty. Why he would be to him advantageous to the U.S.A. to admit to Puerto Rico like state? A political reason - the American generation founding, who underwent in own meat the colonial humiliation, never contemplated that his newborn Republic it became a colonial power. The one is implicit in the American Constitution that all territory acquired by the U.S.A. is directed to a possible statehood.

Child Beauty Pageant

Formal Outline: Child Beauty pageant Introduction: 1. How many of you guys have heard or seen the show Toddler and Tiaras? It’s a show where toddlers and young children take stage wearing make ups, spray tans and fake hair to be judged on beauty, personality and costumes. Tiaras are following families on their guest for sparkly crowns, big tittles, and lots of cash. 2. Preview : I think child beauty pageant is absolutely unacceptable. Children should be on the play ground playing games, be active and have fun not, wear makeup and have fake tan and get judged for their â€Å"beauty†. . Thesis: We should show and teach the younger generation that beauty is not everything; we should not let little young girls participate in beauty contest. They are growing too fast, they don’t even understand the whole thing and usually they are dragged by their parents & you don’t even know if that’s actually something the child wants to do. Body : 1. First main point : Is beauty everything? What are we really teaching these young kids? When a interviewer asks most child beauty contestants â€Å"which one would you rather be? Smart or beautiful? and most of them answered beautiful, this is something not a little 5-8 year old should be responding. It’s scary enough to know that they have an idea of what beauty means, this is something we should only worry about when we are older. * Sub point: These beauty pageant contests has taught them that being beautiful means being fake and superficial. * Sub point: They are growing too fast, makeup and hair products can do a lot of harm to little kids face and their hair. * Sub point: I understand that some pageant are for scholarships, good cause and family bonding time but there are always other ways you can do those things.I think entering a beauty contest is little bit extreme and can really ruin how kids feel about themselves and the world. * Sub point: It wouldn’t be bad if they are doi ng natural beauty contest, I don’t have anything against them but most of the child beauty pageant are not. Transition: some parents take the beauty pageant too far and far too serious because some of them took drastic measures. Second main point: Botox 1. This is one of the most ridiculous I have ever seen and heard â€Å"a mother injected her 8-year old daughter with Botox. † (Good morning America)The mother said â€Å"I knew she was complaining about her face, having wrinkles, and things like that when I brought it up to Britney she was all for it† 2. What kid needs Botox for wrinkles? And do these parents do whatever their children ask for? I don’t want to judge how to raise their own children but injecting your own kid with Botox is crossing the line. She also admitted that she was actually encouraged by other stage mothers and they do it to their children. 3. The Botox procedure is done by the mother herself; she is not even a doctor? When they aske d little Britney if Botox hurt she said â€Å" yes but its less than getting her legs waxed†Transition: Is it really for their children? Why are these parents taking it so far? Third main point: 1. Of course all these pageant moms say they are doing this for their kid, but teaching their kids to being superficial and fake is not the right way. They want their kid to win, they make it important for their kids to win and these young kids are being pressure to win â€Å"beauty† contest. The parents usually say it makes their daughter feels beautiful, confidences and get use to pressure, what if they lose? What does that do to the kid? 2. These kids are not ready for those things; they need to learn those slowly.Growing up too fast is bad for them and giving them a mental picture that beauty is everything. Conclusion : Which brings me back to my first main point: that we should be teaching our kids to have fun and tell them how education is important and outside beauty is important. The only beauty they should know is about inner beauty and being a nice person not about make ups and being skinny. Clincher: In conclusion, I hope all of you guys feels the same way as me or at least close to it because these little kids don’t need to be judged on their â€Å"beauty† don’t let them ruin their childhood and say NO to child beauty pageant.

Gestures and Non Verbal Theory of Communication Essay

Non verbal communication is defined by David Dickson and Owen Hargie as â€Å"all forms of human communication apart from the purely verbal message† (p. 76). This means that any form of communication that does not require the use of language can be considered as non verbal communication that includes body movements which involves the facial expression, body positioning, gestures, and grooming habits (kinesics), verbal messages or tone of voice (paralanguage), and signs, signals and cues that are seen around. Microsoft Encarta defines communication theory as â€Å"the forms of human communication, including branches of linguistics such as semantics as well as telecommunication and other non linguistic forms. The communication experiment In an article entitled â€Å"An Experiment in Two Way Communication on Orcinus orca† by Dudok Van Heel,; C Kaminga , and J. D. VanderToorn, they pointed out an experiment about an attempt â€Å"to achieved inter specific communication between human and a killer whale. † This experiment was to find out if an inter-specific communication with a killer whale is possible. The experiment used acoustical symbols attached to visual object corresponding to auditory stimulus. They used the frequently modulated signals as stimuli which represent two action words â€Å"take and bring. † Result of the experiment The result of the experiment seemed to indicate positive responses as VanHeel, Kamminga, and van der Toorn noted that the â€Å"killer whale† became more and more active in the acoustic domain. † How ever the authors did not give a concrete result as the experiment seemed to take longer time before it yelled positive result. The Underlying Principles The underlying principle behind this experiment was the knowledge that â€Å"odontocetes have impressive brains which could surpass the requirement that will en able the animals to communicate at the level of language. † This is perhaps encouraged by the success of inter-specific communication between man and dolphins. Using Theory of Ethical Ramification (description). The ethical ramification of using theories of communication can be a positive development brought perhaps by different forces that struggles to assert their own identities in the society compared to the â€Å"dichotomous relationship. † (Sender/receiver) It looked like a wide complex scenario inside a department store that people are free to move as they want. But to some extent, it can also be described as a specific place of destination which had multiple directions leading to the place. One can take short cut or detour, or go straight. Summary / Conclusion Modern communication theories have opened many avenues of not only human to human but human to animals as well. Were not surprised by these theories as it comes out seems so natural. What is interesting is the idea of exploring the potential of communication between human and animals. If this proves to be successful it could bring us life benefits as we could communicate our minds with those beasts that we are in danger with the aid of modern communication technology. I would like therefore to make this recommendation. I recommend to those in the authority in this matter to do further research on how man can extend communication with other wild beast either by using gesture, verbal, or non verbal communication. That government provides more fund for this undertaking as this can be very beneficial to every human being. Work Cited Hargie, Owen and Dickson, David 2004. Skilled Interpersonal Communication: Research, Theory and Practice. Routledge. Heel, Dudok van, Kamminga,C van der Toorn, J. D 1982. An Experiment in Two Communication in Orcinus Orca. Http://OurWorld. compuserve. com/homepage/jaap/Gudrun/comm. _1. html Intercultural Technical Communication: The Pedagogical Possibilities of Paralogic Hermeneutics. Orange a Student Journal of Technical Communication. http://orangeserver. org/issues/6-4/daisy. html/document Definition of Communication Theory. Microsoft Encarta

Heterogeneous Definition (Science)

Heterogeneous Definition (Science) The word heterogeneous is an adjective that means composed of different constituents or dissimilar components. In chemistry, the word is most often applied to a heterogeneous mixture. This is one which has a non-uniform composition. A mixture of sand and water is heterogeneous. Concrete is heterogeneous. In contrast, a homogeneous mixture has a uniform composition. An example is a mixture of sugar dissolved in water. Whether a mixture is heterogeneous or homogeneous is largely dependent on the scale or sample size. For example, if you look at a container of sand, it may appear to have evenly distributed particles (be homogeneous). If you viewed the sand under a microscope, you might find unevenly distributed clumps of different materials (heterogeneous). In materials science, specimens may consist entirely of the same metal, element, or alloy, yet display heterogeneous phases or crystal structure. For example, a piece of iron, while homogeneous in composition, might have regions of martensite and others of ferrite. A sample of the element phosphorus might contain both white and red phosphorus. In the broader sense, any group of dissimilar objects may be described as being heterogeneous. A group of people might be heterogeneous with respect to age, weight, height, etc.

How to Pin a Tweet That Makes the Most of Your Content - CoSchedule

How to Pin a Tweet That Makes the Most of Your Content Sometimes small actions can have outsized impact. While smart bloggers and social media marketers often focus on 10X projects that drive massive results, sometimes taking several smaller steps in succession can add quick wins to your work week. That can also take some of the pressure off feeling like everything you do as a marketer needs to make a big splash. Pinning tweets is one such thing you can do that takes just a few moments, but can make a meaningful contribution toward improving your results. Whether you have a particularly popular tweet, or a major campaign to promote, it’s a simple thing anyone can do to get more attention to an important message. In this post, you’ll learn not only how to pin tweets, but how to optimize them for best results. It’ll cover: How to identify a strong topic for a pinned tweet. The best ways to optimize them for maximum results. Some examples of actual tweets from real-life brands and bloggers. Table of Contents: What Are Pinned Tweet? What Are the Benefits? Pinning a Tweet in 3 Steps Optimizing Your Tweet Examples

How Steroid Hormones Work in the Body

How Steroid Hormones Work in the Body Hormones are molecules produced and secreted by endocrine glands in the body. Hormones are released into the blood and travel to other parts of the body where they bring about specific responses from specific cells. Steroid hormones are derived from cholesterol and are lipids of steroid hormones include the sex hormones (androgens, estrogens, and progesterone) produced by male and female gonads and hormones of the adrenal glands (aldosterone, cortisol, and androgens). Key Takeaways: Steroid Hormones Steroid hormones are fat-soluble molecules derived from cholesterol. They are produced by certain endocrine organs and glands and released into the bloodstream to reach target cells.Steroid hormones include sex hormones and adrenal gland hormones. Testosterone, estrogens, and cortisol are examples of steroid hormones.Steroid hormones act on cells by passing through the cell membrane, entering the nucleus, binding to DNA, and initiating gene transcription and protein production.Anabolic steroid hormones are synthetic molecules that mimic the action of testosterone. Illegal use and abuse of these hormones can lead to a number of negative health consequences. How Steroid Hormones Work Steroid hormones cause changes within a cell by first passing through the cell membrane of the target cell. Steroid hormones, unlike non-steroid hormones, can do this because they are fat-soluble. Cell membranes are composed of a phospholipid bilayer which prevents fat-insoluble molecules from diffusing into the cell. This is an illustration of lipid-soluble hormone binding and protein production in a cell. Â  OpenStax, Anatomy Physiology/Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Once inside the cell, the steroid hormone binds with a specific receptor found only in the cytoplasm of the target cell. The receptor bound steroid hormone then travels into the nucleus and binds to another specific receptor on the chromatin. Once bound to the chromatin, this steroid hormone-receptor complex calls for the production of specific RNA molecules called messenger RNA (mRNA) by a process called transcription. The mRNA molecules are then modified and transported to the cytoplasm. The mRNA molecules code for the production of proteins through a process called translation. These proteins can be used to build muscle. Steroid Hormone Mechanism of Action The steroid hormone mechanism of action can be summarized as follows: Steroid hormones pass through the cell membrane of the target cell.The steroid hormone binds with a specific receptor in the cytoplasm.The receptor bound steroid hormone travels into the nucleus and binds to another specific receptor on the chromatin.The steroid hormone-receptor complex calls for the production of messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules, which code for the production of proteins. Types of Steroid Hormones This is a molecular model of the structure of the male sex hormone testosterone. Â  Pasieka/Oxford Scientific/Getty Images Steroid hormones are produced by the adrenal glands and gonads. The adrenal glands sit atop the kidneys and consist of an outer cortex layer and an inner medulla layer. Adrenal steroid hormones are produced in the outer cortex layer. Gonads are the male testes and female are the ovaries. Adrenal Gland Hormones Aldosterone: This mineralcorticoid acts on the kidneys promoting the absorption of sodium and water. Aldosterone aids in blood pressure regulation by raising blood volume and blood pressure.Cortisol: This glucocorticoid aids in metabolism regulation by stimulating the production of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources in the liver. Cortisol is also an important anti-inflammatory substance and helps the body deal with stress.Sex Hormones: The adrenal glands produce small amounts of the male sex hormone testosterone and the female sex hormone estrogen. Gonadal Hormones Testosterone: This male sex hormone is produced by the testes and in small amounts in the female ovaries. Testosterone is responsible for the development of male reproductive organs and male secondary sex characteristics.Estrogens: These female sex hormones are produced in the ovaries. They promote development of female sex characteristics and skeletal growth.Progesterone: This female sex hormone is produced in the ovaries and important for the production and maintenance of the uterine lining during pregnancy. Estrogen and progesterone levels also regulate the menstrual cycle. Anabolic Steroid Hormones Anabolic steroid hormones are synthetic hormones of the male androgen testosterone. Â  PhotosIndia.com/Getty Images Anabolic steroid hormones are synthetic substances that are related to the male sex hormones. They have the same mechanism of action within the body. Anabolic steroid hormones stimulate the production of protein, which is used to build muscle. They also lead to an increase in the production of testosterone. In addition to its role in the development of reproductive system organs and sex characteristics, testosterone is also critical in the development of lean muscle mass. Additionally, anabolic steroid hormones promote the release of growth hormone, which stimulates skeletal growth. Anabolic steroids have therapeutic use and may be prescribed to treat problems such as muscle degeneration associated with disease, male hormone issues, and late onset of puberty. However, some individuals use anabolic steroids illegally to improve athletic performance and build muscle mass. Abuse of anabolic steroid hormones disrupts the normal production of hormones in the body. There are several negative health consequences associated with anabolic steroid abuse. Some of these include infertility, hair loss, breast development in males, heart attacks, and liver tumors. Anabolic steroids also effect the brain causing mood swings and depression.

The Response Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The Response - Essay Example The prisoner’s argument that he cannot provide any more information about himself that could perhaps help to the furtherance of the case if he cannot look at the evidences against him, is very reasonable. Their questioning and detaining of the prisoner bring the judges to examine, their actions as well because of the various considerations such as the political and moral laws which seem to contradict what needs to be done. In the eyes of the law, the prisoner has his rights that need to be respected but there are also a number of issues such as security that need to be greatly considered. Here arises the problem on how the JAG must decide on this situation. To help the JAG decide on the matter, this paper will discuss some philosophies of great thinkers such as Hammurabi, Moses and Cicero in order to enlighten and guide him through a well-meditated and highly informed resolution. In the code of Hammurabi, suspicion is not enough for one to be punished. The detainee has been imprisoned for four years already without even enough evidence against him. During the hearing, the judges claimed that they have proofs against the prisoner, making him a threat to humanity. However, during their deliberation, the judges had to admit that the claims against the prisoner are not enough to prove him guilty as charged. Looking at the code of Hammurabi, the judges had all the right and reason to question the legal status of the hearing. There was not enough evidence that was produced against the accused but he was still imprisoned for four years. The detainee was stripped of his rights to perform his duties and responsibilities toward his family and to improve his life or even to exercise his craft and skills. He has been imprisoned based only on the testimonies of an unknown source who, on the contrary, can also be considered questionable. On the issue about the status of the hearing, it could be considered that it was nothing but an

Business Law Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Business Law - Assignment Example In such a way, fair use doctrine allows for copyrighted material oftentimes displayed for specific purposes without the necessity of acquiring permission from the right holder. 3. trade secret Trade secret necessarily first you process, practice, formula, design, or other instrument or pattern which can be understood to be directly related to the means by which an economic advantage is leveraged within the company. Oftentimes, such trade secrets or confidential; however, they are protected under a different type of United States law as compared to classified information. 4. easement An easement refers to a specific right to utilize the property of another without ultimately having ownership. In this way, it can best be defined as a right of way. 5. adverse possession Adverse possession be understood as the process by which a given property changes ownership. In such a manner, the title to another individual’s property can oftentimes be seen without direct compensation. In such a way, the growth and development of squatter’s rights have, to be evidenced. 6. bailment Bailment is a defined as a type of transfer of personal property with one individual to another. Most commonly, the surprises when property is given to another individual process of safekeeping it is born out of an independent contract. 7. intestacy Intestacy is designed as situation in which individual passes away only more property than the sum of all their debts and/work funeral expenses and without making it will provide the declaration of what should be done with their belongings when they pass. 8. insurable interest Insurable interest in defined as an interest in which the insurer has a specific level of interest or other type of benefit with existence of such an object. In this way individual has insurable interest in something as long as loss or damage of this particular good would consequently serve type of financial loss stop 9. security interest Security interest can ultimate ly be understood as a type of agreement for cooperation of law over assets that help to ensure that the security of an obligation will ultimately be performed. 10. perfection (Article 9) Article 9 of the uniform code governs the way in which interests may be obtained on certain types personal property as a means of securing debt. Ultimately, this particular article defines the way in which the owner of the collateral is responsible for interacting with the holder of the collateral that is ultimately paid off. 11. commercial paper This ultimately refers to the type of unsecured promissory note with a fixed maturity date. In this way, commercial paper is often a type of non-monetized security that is sold by corporations in order to rapidly create short-term debt in order to meet current needs. 12. holder in due course Holder in due course is with reference to a commercial law that seeks to provide a level of protection to the purchaser of debt. The doctrine helps to insulate the purc haser against charges that the other party in the transaction may hold against the purchaser. 13. accommodation party An accommodation party is a type of surety bond or other type of guarantee that serves as a promise between one party and another that debt collection will be assured in the event that the borrower defaults. 14. presentment warranty The present but warranty refers to an implied promise with regards to the

Learning Models and Business Training Coursework

Learning Models and Business Training - Coursework Example 143, 1986). The separate course model incorporates a course focused specifically on issues related to slow learners. This model requires that room for a separate course be made in a curriculum that may be full. In addition, the needs of all students may not be met by including a single course (Myers & Blake, p. 143, 1986). The area of concentration model includes several courses taught in the counsellor education department and generally integrates an applied experience in a geriatric setting (Myers & Blake, p. 143, 1986). Few programs, however, are likely to have the necessary resources to implement this model. The interdisciplinary model utilizes courses from other departments, and thus decreases the need for counsellor educator involvement. In this last educational model, a minimum of one course in training teaching would be necessary to draw together students who are interested in training and teaching to "bridge the gap between subject matter and teaching" (Myers & Blake, p. 143, 1986). A cognitive learning theorist would believe that the integrative model would be effective because information is presented over an extended period of time and in relation to similar material. This extended learning period would promote effective storage and retrieval of the information. The separate course model promotes learning in a compacted period of time and out of context from information to which it is closely related. Hence, the learning process involved in the separate course model is not as likely to be as effective as the integrative model. (Felder, pp674-681, 1988)Moreover, information presented in a singular course may not be relevant to the needs of each student. (Oxford Brookes University)Therefore, he/she is less likely to attend to and learn this information. The area of concentration model would be effective from the standpoint that it does involve both cognitive learning (obtaining knowledge) and improving skills (behavioural practice). Yet, the increasing of awar eness is lacking The interdisciplinary model provides a broad foundation of information for students, and it provides the opportunity to integrate information about learning with teaching methods. For this last model to be more effective, a practicum or internship component would be necessary. The professional who is providing services to slow learners must take into account the multitude of problems with which they present (Lewinsohn et al., pp. 187-202, 1984).

Community Assessment and Care Planning in Medication Compliance Essay

Community Assessment and Care Planning in Medication Compliance - Essay Example The assessment of the adverse side-effects of psychiatric drugs shall also be discussed in this paper. These issues are discussed in the hope of coming up with improved quality of life and improved treatment and interventions for mentally ill patients. The assessment of mental health patient is seen from the initial admission or consultation of the patient. From the initial visit, which includes recording the agreement of the patient to Mental Health Care Service, history-taking, mental state examination, assessing associated risks and any co-morbidities, and the formulation of the diagnosis, there are various issues and concerns that may manifest (Thomas, 2006). Assessment is vital to patient diagnosis and treatment. Good assessment makes for good medical practice because it is the jumping off point to further investigations on patient symptoms and manifestations. It is also the basis for suitable and prompt action and referral. These decisions in patient care would not be properly made if not for good assessment. Assessment of the mental health patient is vital in the course of their illness because â€Å"people with mental illnesses are likely to have their physical health needs poorly managed and are less likely to have their blood pressure, cholesterol, urine†¦checked† (Colbeck, 2008). The assessment of the mental health patient is not wholly focused on the initial examination of the patient. The assessment of the adverse effects of psychiatric medications is also crucial in caring for mentally ill patients. The CNS Forum (2004) discusses various tools of assessing the neuroleptic effects of psychiatric drugs being used by different clinicians and mental health caregivers. These tools are briefly described forthwith. First, is the Simpson-Angus Scale which is used to assess extrapyramidal side-effects (EPS). It is based on the observations made by the mental health professional.

Diversity and Inclusion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Diversity and Inclusion - Essay Example These tests are administered in the student's primary language, with more than one type of test given for each disability tested. (LD Online, 2010) When the disability has been isolated, then the third component provides for an IEP, an Individualized Education Plan. This is an organized approach to providing targeted special education to meet that student's specific needs. It is formulated with a team of professionals, including the parents; they meet annually to discuss process and areas for improvement. The IEP must contain certain parameters: current level of academic achievement, annual and short term goals, frequent evaluation using objective criteria, the list of special education services and environment required, the extent of mainstreaming with explanations for lack of mainstreaming, the date for commencement of services as well as the estimated duration, and an annual progress report updating achievement of goals. (LD Online, 2010) The fourth component states that children should be educated in the least restrictive environment. This means that for the most part, handicapped children should be with their non-handicapped peers unless special circumstances prohibit it. There are program aides provided to many mainstream classes to assist children with special needs to enable them to remain in the classroom with their peers. Occasionally, behavioral issues require a student to be removed to allow for stabilization, followed by a return to the classroom when the student is able. (LD Online, 2010) The fifth component is one of due process with rights for the parents and child with regards to accountability and fairness. It contains the following provisions: 1) confidentiality regarding both the family and... This essay underlines that every person, born with disabilities, has the right to receive an education that will help him master the surrounding environment and allow him to make a contribution to the world at large. The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act of 2004 is the latest comprehensive package which provides not only educational services, but also supportive technology and services to assist children in retaining educational curriculum. In addition to the standard learning disabilities, children with traumatic brain injury, autism and benign mental disorders, and, visual and auditory impairment are now provided services under this legislation. A team of highly qualified professionals partners with the child's parents to monitor progress and assure that quality services are provided for the child. These children are no longer forced to live a life of mediocrity because their needs are met early in life during the cognitive development stage in order to be the most effect ive remedy for prevention of further disability. When a professional suspects a child may have a disability, they must attempt to resolve the issue without involving the special needs team. The parents are also a part of this team. Sometimes just talking with the child and parents provides insight into the situation allowing them to get alternative relief. If at least two alternative approaches for instruction in the regular classroom do not impact the situation, then the child may be referred for a special needs evaluation.

Community Assessment and Care Planning in Medication Compliance Essay

Community Assessment and Care Planning in Medication Compliance - Essay Example The assessment of the adverse side-effects of psychiatric drugs shall also be discussed in this paper. These issues are discussed in the hope of coming up with improved quality of life and improved treatment and interventions for mentally ill patients. The assessment of mental health patient is seen from the initial admission or consultation of the patient. From the initial visit, which includes recording the agreement of the patient to Mental Health Care Service, history-taking, mental state examination, assessing associated risks and any co-morbidities, and the formulation of the diagnosis, there are various issues and concerns that may manifest (Thomas, 2006). Assessment is vital to patient diagnosis and treatment. Good assessment makes for good medical practice because it is the jumping off point to further investigations on patient symptoms and manifestations. It is also the basis for suitable and prompt action and referral. These decisions in patient care would not be properly made if not for good assessment. Assessment of the mental health patient is vital in the course of their illness because â€Å"people with mental illnesses are likely to have their physical health needs poorly managed and are less likely to have their blood pressure, cholesterol, urine†¦checked† (Colbeck, 2008). The assessment of the mental health patient is not wholly focused on the initial examination of the patient. The assessment of the adverse effects of psychiatric medications is also crucial in caring for mentally ill patients. The CNS Forum (2004) discusses various tools of assessing the neuroleptic effects of psychiatric drugs being used by different clinicians and mental health caregivers. These tools are briefly described forthwith. First, is the Simpson-Angus Scale which is used to assess extrapyramidal side-effects (EPS). It is based on the observations made by the mental health professional.

Technological Forces of cars industry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Technological Forces of cars industry - Essay Example In addition, new materials that make the car lighter will enable the manufacturers to increase fuel efficiency whether they are powered by gasoline, electricity, or flex fuels. Technological forces will result in cars that go farther for less cost. Electricity is the fuel of choice for many people that see it as sustainable and environmentally friendly. It can be produced from solar or wind and can utilize hydrogen through the use of fuel cells. However, the battery has been the weak component in the system. They are traditionally heavy, dirty, have a limited storage capacity, and a short lifespan. Lithium Ion batteries do offer some promise as improvements have been made in recent years. Don Hillebrand, director of the Center for Transportation Research at Argonne National Laboratory "believes that the ultimate medium for electric vehicles' batteries may well be lithium ion, the same material used today in batteries for laptop computers" (Orzech, 2007). Lithium Ion is poised to replace the existing battery technologies of lead-acid and nickel-metal-hydride, and the new high-end electric roadster Tesla is powered by 6800 lithium batteries. As the industry bridges the gap to the totally electric automobile and a move away from gasoline, the interim period may be fuelled by natural gas. Natural gas is a technology that has been largely overlooked due to a few disadvantages.

Fallout Book Report Essay Example for Free

Fallout Book Report Essay P.S. I am sorry the summary is so long but I wanted to make sure everything in the book was covered and there being 3 people makes it 2 times longer. The novel is a memoir of the lives of three children of a meth-addicted mother, Kristina, and how her addiction affected their lives. They now live in different homes, with different parents, as well as different last names. Each of them has a different story, some more fortunate than others. Hunter knows about his sisters and new younger brothers, while Summer knows about her brothers and Autumn knows nothing. It starts with Hunter’s story; adopted and raised by his biological mom’s mother and stepfather. He refers to his adoptive parents as Mom and Dad. He works at a radio station in Reno, Nevada. His girlfriend, Nikki, supports him in everything he does. As Christmas approaches, he is living with Nikki and having relationship troubles. Hunter is doing drugs more frequently, and cheats on Nikki with a persistent radio groupie. All the while, Hunter is feeling like a piece of him is missing because of the lack of knowledge about his father. When he sees him, he knows, but his father is the date of his coworker, Montana. Hunter then gets drunk and calls Brendan (his father) out on his actions about how him raping Kristina produced Hunter. Once that situation is in the past, another problem occurs, as Hunter is approached by Nikki, who hears a voicemail left by Leah on Hunter’s phone about the cheating incident. He is kicked out of Nikki’s house and takes the guestroom in his parents house because, thanks to Kristina, his two younger brothers, David and Donald, have moved in and taken his room. Shortly after Hunter has moved back in, he is notified that Kristina will be spending Christmas with them. Autumn’s story takes place at her grandfather’s house in Texas. Her OCD (obsessive-compulsive disorder) and frequent panic attacks make her a loner at school, so her best friend is her Aunt Cora. Although she promises Autumn they will always be friends, she is wooed by her massage therapist professo r and taken away from her. A new boy comes to her school and is immediately taken with her. She has a hard time opening up to him and even tells him her parents are dead. His name is Bryce and he ends up being Autumn’s first boyfriend, first kiss and first time. When her aunt announces her engagement, the happiness she gets from her new boyfriend fades and she feels alone. Desperate to make sure he stays with her, she has sex with him without protection. Realizing that being drunk makes everything easier to deal with, she begins drinking to make herself feel better. Her fathers and grandmother’s interruption at Aunt Cora’s wedding only makes things worse, bringing her past to her present; then, Bryce finds out her parents aren’t dead. Devastated about the lying, Bryce leaves Autumn, and to make matters worse her drinking has gotten out of hand and she is almost raped by the groom’s cousin, Micah. The wedding ends when Autumn realizes how lonely she is and begins to wish she is pregnant, and her father finds her and tells her how she came to be. In the process, he convinces her to go to Reno for Christmas to see the mother she never knew. The California foster system took Summer away shortly after living with her f ather when they were abandoned by Kristina. She knows everyone in her family except for Autumn. Her father’s ex-girlfriends have molested and used her, causing her to be thrown in different homes with different problems. Her life is pretty stable in one home until one of the meth-using girls that also lives there molests one of the younger girls; it hits close to home and she is unable to control her anger. She gets in a fight with the meth girl and ends up getting sent to live back with her father and his girlfriend of the moment. The day after the fight, her boyfriend, Matt, saw her face and offered no sympathy, so she ran to his best friend, Kyle, who always showed interest. She ends up cheating on her boyfriend with Kyle by having sex with him. She knows that Kyle uses meth and other drugs but his loving nature has drawn her in. When he and Summer confront Matt about their newfound relationship, she sees the side of Kyle she never wanted to and realizes his addiction and anger may cause problems. The living conditions at her father’s house aren’t the be st; the constant smoking irritates her asthma and as Thanksgiving approaches, she starts to miss Kristina. She calls her, but can’t remember why; she was blown away by her mother’s selfishness and when her father is drunk later that night, he reveals that Kristina only cares about herself. Her father being drunk proves to be a much worse situation than just spilling the truth; his drinking costs him a DUI and he loses Summer. She is sent to another home in Fresno. Leaving her boyfriend and life behind, she is unwilling to move far away. When she gets to her new home, she is immediately taken aback by her new foster father. His demeanor worries her and makes her wonder what secrets the other girls in the house might have. She knows from experience not to get close to the other girls in the house, but one of the girls tells Summer her secrets and becomes attached to her. During the few days Summer is there, she hides her cell phone and planned to meet Kyle. When she sneaks from under her foster sister’s watch long enough to escape, she ends up running away with Kyle for Christmas—he is so in love with her that he even attempts to stop using meth for her, which means suffering through withdrawal. She and Kyle save up money and live out of his car while they head to a ski lodge, where Kyle plans to work. The stories collide when Kyle and Summer get in a car accident and the closest place to them is Reno, Nevada. Summer ends up calling her grandfather to pick her up from the hospital the morning after the blizzard hit and the accident happened. Hunter is out picking up Kristina and his grandfather from the airport after spending the early morning making up with Nikki. He knows that things wont quite be merry and joyful Christmas morning with the whole family being together. Autumn and Trey show up before Summer gets there and when Trey sees Kristina, they are immediately drawn to each other and spend most of the day before dinner talking to each other. Summer tries to be sisterly to Autumn and Autumn doesn’t know what to make of all of it. When dinner starts, David asks when he’ll be going home and Kristina says she doesn’t know; Donald gets angry and tells her he never wants to go back—that he never wants to be with her again. Hunter is the first one to jump up when Kristina acts offended and he yells at her, telling her the only person responsible for what happened to her was her. Summer jumps in the argument too when Kristina begins to complain that she doesn’t have the resources to take care of her kids or give them a good life. The book ends with a newspaper article saying Marie Haskins has put her new book ‘Monster’, on indefinite hold while Kristina is undergoing chemotherapy for cancer. At this point, Kristina has reunited with her husband, Trey, and with her resources, she is trying to make her life better so she can be the mother she has never been. I can’t personally connect to this book but I can emotionally connect to this book. I have a friend in my life that I like a brother to me and he has parents just like hunter, autumn and summer. Drugs are a very personal matter and mess up your life more than anyone can know until it happens to you. I felt what he felt becaus e he is such a dear friend that all I could do was worry about him and wonder how he was doing in that new foster home he was moved to. I always heard all about the stories and the way he was in the foster home. He said it wasn’t easy and it was painful to know that everyone he loved had bailed out on him. He soon developed many of the problems these kids experienced with drinking and doing other drugs. This life isn’t easy from what I have heard. This book is very easy to relate other books by Ellen Hopkins because all of the books I have read by her seem to be about drugs and complications in life including hardships and suffering. I don’t really watch movies in this type of subject but I did hear that there is supposed to be a movie coming out based on the crank series by Ellen. I’m not sure whether it’s out or not but the books are great and movies tend to ruin the reading of the book. Both crank and glass led up to this point in the book series and was consistent throughout the storyline of all three books. There is so much drug abuse in the books and making right decisions is not one of Kristina’s strong points. I believe that the theme of this book is that drugs can ruin lives especially to the young girls out there. The plot of this story is to tell a story from the perspective from the 3 abandoned children that Kristina left behind. There storied tell about the hardships they went through and how life was for them during this painful teenage years. Even though the plot wasn’t very funny, it is very intriguing and interesting to find out what makes people do this to their own children and why they do the things they do. This story is told from the three kids point of view. And it switched off every so often so it was very suspenseful. The setting of this book is in three different places considering the three different points of view. Hunters’ setting was in Reno while Autumn’s setting was in Texas and Summer’s setting was anywhere the foster system took her. In my personal view the climax of the story was when all three of the children met for the first time and got to be a family together. In conclusion, I would recommend this book to anyone that enjoys reading this type of book seeing as how it has sex and drugs in it. I would definitely restrict this book to anyone under the age of 15 or 16. This book is a lot more profane then the others and I feel that you should be at least old enough to understand the meaning and why the book is how it is. Not many people judge books but I would definitely recommend this book to anyone who wants a good read and interesting enough to make it to when you put the book down you can’t wait to pick it back up. I truly feel her books are amazing and make you see how messed up some situations are.

Extensive Reading With Young Learners English Language Essay

Extensive Reading With Young Learners English Language Essay In this essay, I will discuss extensive reading with Young Learners, and how extensive reading can be promoted, with reference to young learners in Hong Kong. Children learn to read in English in schools in Hong Kong at an early age, but there is little encouragement for them to read for purposes other than to learn the language. I will examine the benefits of extensive reading, in particular childrens stories, and how these can be used to promote extensive reading with primary learners in my teaching context at the British Council Hong Kong. Why extensive reading? Day and Bamford (1998, 4) contend that the type of reading done in ESL classes bears little resemblance to reading done in the real world, and that in fact students learning to read a second language do not read and they do not like reading. Reading in the classroom tends to be done purely in order to teach or review a language point, or to train students for an exam. However, It is simplistic but true that the more students read, the better they become at it (Day and Bamford 1998, 4). Teachers therefore need to find ways of encouraging students to read that are enjoyable and motivating for them, and more closely resemble the kind of reading that is done outside the classroom. Extensive reading, is any reading that is done either for pleasure or not explicitly for the purposes of teaching reading. (Emery 2009, 38). This can be any type of text, whether fiction or factual. With this type of reading, the readers attention should be on the meaning, not the language, of the text (Day and Bamford 1998, 5). As children focus on meaning when learning a language, extensive reading should then particularly appeal to them as a way of learning English, especially if the texts are of types that they would normally read in their first language. Language learning from reading comes from exposure to the language, but is not the primary aim of extensive reading. Clark and Rumbold (2006, 9) list the following benefits of reading for pleasure; reading attainment and writing ability text comprehension and grammar breadth of vocabulary positive reading attitudes, which are linked to achievement in reading greater self-confidence as a reader pleasure in reading later in life Although their report was regarding native speaker children in the UK, they note that these benefits are equally true for second language acquisition. It appears, then, that extensive reading is crucial for literacy development. In Hong Kong, there is little interest in reading for pleasure, particularly in English (Ho 2008, Leung 2005). Taking into account the above benefits of reading for pleasure, it seems crucial to encourage a love of reading extensively in our students in Hong Kong, both inside and outside the classroom. Why stories? First and foremost, children enjoy stories. Stories are particularly important in the lives of our children à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Childrens hunger for stories is constant (Wright 1995, 3). If we provide children with stories, they will be motivated to read and listen to them. Reading stories in the classroom is a shared event, which encourages social skills, such as cooperation, collaboration, listening and turn taking and helps to create appropriate affective conditions for learning to take place (Read 2008, 7). We can also provide them with the means to read stories for themselves outside the classroom, increasing their exposure to language further. Children are also aware of and enjoy stories in their first language; From their early experience, children are likely to be familiar with story or narrative structure (Cameron 2001, 129). This means that, unlike many classroom activities, the telling or reading of a story will be a familiar activity. Even if reading books and stories are not commonplace in the home, children will have had exposure to stories through a variety of other media, e.g. films and cartoons. Children are therefore more likely to be receptive to a story than an activity which is not so familiar and therefore potentially confusing. Stories fulfill childrens need for security and novelty (Cameron 2001), as there is the security of the familiar structure of the story, with a beginning, introduction to characters, a problem which is resolved, and an ending, and also the novelty of new stories, characters and plot surprises. Stories provide a clear context from which children can find meaning. The meaning and enjoyment of the story are the most important for children, and the meaning of the language is supported by the context. They work out the meaning first and tend not to pay attention to the words that are used to express the meaning (Moon 2000, 5). Stories are a rich source of language. Because stories are designed to entertain, writers and tellers choose and use words with particular care to keep the audience interested (Cameron 2001, 163). Many words and phrases are often repeated throughout a story, increasing students exposure to them, and also helping to create the sense of security and familiarity. Through such exposure to language children are learning new vocabulary, often without realising it (Cameron 2001, 164), and the teacher can also exploit this vocabulary in classroom activities. Moreover, this vocabulary is used within a clear context, so Children have the ability to grasp meaning even if they dont understand all the words (Ellis and Brewster 2002, 8). Heathfield (2009, 17) refers to his own experience of storytelling with elementary Italian learners, who were able to follow and understand the general meaning of stories told in English. Attention can be paid to vocabulary and students accuracy once the context and meaning have been established. Stories provide children with exposure to not only vocabulary, but also to the structure of sentences and the general feel and sound of the foreign language (Wright 1995, 5). If stories are read aloud, children have exposure to the pronunciation of the language, its rhythm and intonation. This exposure helps them with their fluency, both written and spoken, when they are later ready to move to more productive use of the language. Stories also contain a variety of themes and topics which can be interesting and relevant to the students themselves, or can be exploited in the class. These themes can be linked to other subjects across the curriculum. They can also help develop childrens awareness of the world around them, or of different cultures. Stories can also be used as a stimulus for speaking and writing, and exercise the imagination (Ellis and Brewster 2002, 1). Cameron (2001, 160), warns, however, that we should not allow our feelings of nostalgia and fond memories of childhood stories to colour our perceptions of the magic of stories. She notes that the classroom is not the same as the family home, and the teacher is not a parent, so we should adopt a more critical stance to using stories in class, both in our choices of stories and the way that we use them, and to be open to using other text types which may be equally appealing to children. We should also be aware that stories are also available through other media than books, e.g. animated cartoons or TV programmes, and it is very likely that children may be even more receptive to these forms of media than traditional books. Choosing stories The stories used with children should first of all appeal to them (Phillips, 1993, 46), whether it is the theme, the illustrations, or the fact that it is a story which is familiar to them and they know they will enjoy it. A good story à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ is simply one that listeners or readers enjoy (Cameron 2001, 166). The story should have interesting characters that the children can relate to and a clear plot, with possibly a surprise at the end. The length of the text should be appropriate, i.e. for beginning readers using books with shorter texts will promote success and motivation. The language used in the book should also be simple enough for them to understand, but also contain some language which is beyond their current level in order to develop learning and language development. The child should be able to build on familiar language with new language, but not be demotivated by reading something beyond their level. A story which uses a lot of repeated structures and vocabulary will help reinforce meaning, and children also enjoy the repetition. The illustrations used in a book are also important, as they not only make the book more appealing to a child, but can also support the meaning of the text and new vocabulary and stimulate their imagination (Hsiu-Chih 2008). The themes of the story can also help children to understand more about the world, but should have appropriate values and portrayals of characters. If a story is being used in class, one could be used which fits the topic of the lesson. There are many graded readers available for young learners, in which language is carefully selected to match the childs level of English. However, the language is often simplified in these readers to such an extent that the language becomes unnatural, for example present tenses are used throughout, whereas in authentic literature a story is nearly always told using past tenses. As Cameron (2001, 166) comments, It seems a pity to deprive learners of opportunities to hear authentic uses of past tense forms à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ I can see no intrinsic reason for supposing that use of the past tense would prevent children understanding a story. Cameron also points out that although many text books for young EFL learners contain stories, they often lack the prototypical features of a story, such as a plot with a a problem to be resolved, and a satisfactory ending. These stories are unlikely to capture childrens imaginations in the same way that stories can do (Cameron 2001, 162). Quality storie s have characters and a plot that engage children, often the art work is as important as the text in telling the story, and they create a strong feeling of satisfaction when the end is reached (Cameron 2001, 166). There are many arguments for providing children learning English as a second language with real books offering a rich source of authentic input and challenge (Ellis and Brewster 2002, 8). These stories are more likely to contain the elements necessary in a quality story as described by Cameron, and children can feel highly motivated by being able to understand a story which has not been simplified. There is also such a wide variety of authentic story books which makes it easier to choose something which will appeal to many different children. Ellis and Brewster (2002, 8) note that it can be argued that the language in authentic story books can be too complex for children learning English, while the content may be too simplistic for their age if a book is chosen which has been written for a younger target age. They argue that In a foreign language, however, children are often very happy to accept stories which they may reject in their mother tongue. Although care needs to be taken to select books which will appeal to the child, what is important is the way that the story is exploited and the language learning supported for the childrens particular level. It is what we expect the children to do which determines the proficiency level required, not the story itself (Wright 1995, 3). It is also important that the child, not just the teacher or parent, chooses the books that they would like to read. Clark and Rumbold (2006, 22) stress the importance of children choosing their own reading material on motivation and acheivement. They refer to Krashen, saying that students who choose what they read à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ tend to be more motivated, read more and show greater language and literacy development. Cameron (2001, 164) believes that children may learn vocabulary while listening to stories without realising it, and learner involvement with a story may be what makes a difference à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ letting children choose the stories they want to hear may help maximise the learning that takes place. They will be more likely to choose books that interest them, and therefore be more motivated to understand and engage with the text. It is difficult to place too much emphasis on the role interesting material plays in the desire to read (Day and Bamford 1998, 29). Using stories and promoting extensive reading There are many ways in which extensive reading and reading stories can be promoted both inside and outside of the classroom, which I will discuss in relation to my current teaching context. In the classroom, the teacher can use stories in a variety of ways, both to promote reading and to exploit stories for further language work. Reading stories aloud to the class is an effective way of exposing children to story books and their narrative structure. From listening and watching an adult read aloud, children can see how texts are handled, how texts encode words and ideas, how words and sentences are set out on a page à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Affectively, reading aloud can motivate children to want to read themselves (Cameron 2001, 141). The telling of the story should be an enjoyable experience, and, if possible, the classroom arranged so that all children are sitting around the teacher, maybe on the floor, so that everyone can see the book (Wright 1995). The teacher should take care to hold the book so everyone in the class can see it, and use mime, gestures, facial expressions, the stress and intonation of their voice, and the pictures in the book, to help students understanding (Ellis and Brewster 2002, Read 2008). Students should be encouraged to participate in the story reading through questions which reinforce understanding, e.g. describing the pictures, or making predictions about what happens next. The teacher can help students with new and difficult vocabulary by providing tasks to pre-teach vocabulary, and follow up with activities which consolidate the language and help students to recall the story. Above all, the story and related activities should be enjoyable for the students. Favorable feelings for and experiences with the teacher, classmates, materials, tasks, procedures, and so on, can forge positive attitudes toward reading in the second language (Day and Bamford 1998, 25). At the British Council Hong Kong literacy texts have been incorporated into the syllabuses for the higher level primary classes for students aged 8 and above. These are generally texts which are used in schools in the UK to teach literacy in the British National Curriculum, with accompanying teachers notes and materials these are usually adapted to suit the EFL and local contexts. The texts chosen are for a younger age group than they would be in the UK, i.e. materials for British children aged 8 to 9 are used in classes for Hong Kong learners aged 10 to 11. These have proved to be overwhelmingly popular with teachers, who report that they enjoy using them and find that students also enjoy the stories whilst being stretched, because they can see that the materials are authentic and feel a sense of achievement. Many teachers also use storytelling in class, as story books are readily available in Hong Kong. These teachers appreciate the value of using story books in class, and find storytelling an enjoyable activity in class themselves. Some teachers use story books not just for teaching purposes, e.g. the introduction/consolidation of language or to complement the course book materials, but also for a story time slot. Often at the end of the lesson, the story time slot is used as part of the classroom routine and settles children. The stories are read purely for enjoyment, and if enough books are available (some teachers have their own story book collection) students are able to choose which stories they would like to hear. For younger primary students book boxes are provided with a selection of suitable books, which teachers are encouraged to use with their classes. One advantage of the book boxes is that with a selection of books children are able to choose for themselves what the would like to read, or what they would like the teacher to read. Other ways of encouraging children to choose and read books would be to have a book corner in the classroom or a lending library for children, so that children could enjoy reading by themselves either in class or at home. Unfortunately, neither of these are currently feasible at British Council Hong Kong. The classrooms are used by many different classes, including adults, so it would not be practical to set up a corner of the classroom with books. There is also the issue of funding book corners or a library; with approximately 3,500 primary students currently taking courses at the British Council, the cost of buying sufficient books for either scheme is prohib itive. One scheme which has been successfully introduced for primary classes is a Reading Challenge. Students are encouraged to read books in English and write brief reviews of them. After they have read six they receive a prize of a certificate and a book. The success of the scheme seems to depend largely on how much the individual teacher promotes it, but prizes have been earned by students across a range of classes, not only in the highest levels or older age groups. Clark and Rumbold (2006, 20), in a review of studies examining the effect of reward on motivation, conclude that we cannot be certain that rewarding children for reading actually motivates them to read more, or if they do so, that they are reading purely to get a prize and will not continue to read widely in the future. However, if a reward is given for reading, it appears that literacy-targeted rewards, such as books or book vouchers, are more effective in developing reading motivation than rewards that are unrelated to the activity. The most important factor, however, in developing childrens literacy and enjoyment of reading is the involvement of their parents (Clark 2007, Clark and Rumbold 2006, 24, Wood 1998, 220). The British Council Hong Kong has recently introduced parent workshops to encourage parents to read with their children, emphasising the importance of reading not only for literacy and educational attainment but also social and emotional development. Parents are also shown how to choose appropriate books and how to read them with their children, exploiting the stories and the pictures. These workshops are proving to be very popular with parents, who, while keen to encourage their children academically, had previously not realised the benefits of reading for pleasure. Conclusion There is not on the whole a culture of reading in Hong Kong, but, given the advantages outlined of extensive reading, it is particularly important to encourage our students to read for pleasure, and using story books can be particularly effective. This requires not only access to suitable texts, but also training for teachers and parents on how to read books with children and develop further language use. (3,204 words)

international relations :: essays research papers

By Rishana Balkisson Mark Simpson looks at the evolution of international relations as a study and the methods that scholars have over the decades used to study I.R. Judging from this analysis, do International Relations have any relevance in the 21st century? Justify your answer. We are now living in the 21st century, our world has been through two major world wars and we are still fighting many wars and battles. It has been found that many countries come together as a team and then end their relationships with blood in their hands. Presidents from all round the glob come together to celebrate or to negotiate deals. We also have the United Nations, which is an international power which is made up of the different nations to help the countries that need help. International trade takes place between all the different countries so that we receive the benefits that other countries offer. International relations is said to be the back bone of the news that occurs all around the globe. Everyday when we watch the news on the television we find that they have local and international news why is this? Why it is so important to us to learn what is going on in other countries? Well during world war one there was a birth of the League of Nations. It was here that we found the very first time countries coming together to help their neighbours. This is the real birth of international relations; it was found here that different countries helped them with food supply, ammunition and soldiers. In world war two the growth of realism took place, this dominated the international relations. What is realism? â€Å"Realism is grounded in an emphasis on power politics and pursuit of national interests† according to international relations from a realism point of view politics internationally was anarchic, it is when a state or country acts in order to benefit for its own interests and not the rest of the world. Then you get pluralism definition which is where there is a diffusion of power only among a few countries. This took place during 60s and 70s. If you look at today the 21st century we find that we still need the support of other countries. Take a look at the 9/11 saga when the bombings in America took place. America needed help even though they had a lot of power and many countries agreed to help them.

Muslim People Post 9/11

Muslim people in American post 9/11 Since the 9/11 attacks, many Americans have labeled Muslims in the United States as a threat to our country due to the fact that they share their religion with the extremists responsible for worldwide terrorism. Due to the recent conflicts between the US and Muslim, the Muslims that live in America continue to face isolation and danger because of their faith. Muslim people have gotten worse treatment after 9/11 in the United States in several places which are schools, work places and communities.First; The Muslim students had gotten a worse treatment in schools from the American student and teachers. The Muslim students got lot of hate threats from students in class. Like One the American student was making fun young lady who was wearing hijab. And the teachers can give the Muslim students a low grade for no reason because they are a Muslims. Teachers meant to talk about 9/11 to let the Muslims student felt uncomfortable in the class. In the school hallway American student beat and give them a dirty looks the Muslims student.And how they keep told them that they are a terrorist. Second; at a time of growing tensions involving Muslims in the United States, a record number of Muslim workers are complaining of employment differentiation, from coworkers calling them â€Å"terrorist† to employers barring them from wearing head scarves (Hijab) or taking prayer breaks. And some of the Muslims people don’t get a job because they think that they will do something danger in the work place.And the Muslims worker got in lots of problems from other employees so they can got fired. Third; Muslims people got a worse treatment after 9/11 in the communities. Especially hijabe women are who wear scarf on their heads they have to force a lot of hate and bad treatments like they pulled their head scarf. And the Muslims people got afraid to go out the house so they don’t get worse treatment and get beat from the Americans peo ple. I conclude that the Muslims people have gotten worse treatment right after post 9/11 in the United States.In several places which are the schools from the student and the teachers which that make the Muslim student unconvertible in the schools, work places, and Muslims people got the worse treatment from the other employees and the mangers, And the communities. If one Muslim person did something wrong and destroyed the name of Islam. That’s doesn’t mean all the Muslims people are the same. And they thought that Muslims people are Terrorist. But you can’t judge the people from their religion.

Career Ambition

This misconception ambition is the first thing you may crashing in front of the eyes of many of us when he finds himself after graduation without a job or is suffering even find any work by plugging breath livelihood and then thought one of us that has stabilized and is believed to function is always from eight o'clock to the second half in the public sector and others in the private sector and then interrupted it relates to his work every day so even comes last month arrested for his salary and so on , that goes to his age and referred to retirement.And sometimes some people feel that the job Kataiwq wraps around his neck and complain of work and felt that it weighs his shoulders are asked to retire early to rest and is still active and did not reach the age of sixty No need to stand one of us with himself and see with the passage of time and the years on his appointment to this post and look what happened? Skills and gain experiences and how his role Ajtazha to develop his skills a nd whether he developed himself and invented something useful for his work in order to be an element product? Or do you imitate any position sets it apart from others? Man thinks ambition is to develop and put himself in front of specific targets and think how to achieve these goals and uses several methods to strive and make solutions to achieve them.Unfortunately, many of us if he sat with himself and especially of their years in the career service will find himself after all these years has come forward and did not develop himself and got his service and the passage of the years, so you sometimes find director of his 15 years in the job and preside over many of the staff and reached the higher echelons it is not known to run a computer or speak a single word in English and a smaller staff understand these things from him.Perhaps some say do not awakened in the course to learn computer and other shovel this failure with his work, and tell him this is not a justification for it is possible for any one of us to develop himself outside of his term, even for an hour per day for a certain period, especially as the private institutes are available everywhere and at reasonable prices.Even if you lose a little money you earned to develop yourself and your interest in the latter so that you alone, and this is the skills and experience gained with yourself and you will feel that you have developed yourself and give you the incentive to develop your talents and increase your ambition career with this ambition  must be to you the principle of positive in your life , and you know what The principle is what you mean? The principle is the road or the approach taken in the circus and move between the different stations of your life and sometimes it's red such as lines that stopped at any concessions in the hope of achieving a certain goal.

Accused of witchcraft Essay

Parris : Why not? Now there are no spirits attacking her, for none in this room is accused of witchcraft. So let her turn herself cold now, let her pretend she is attacked now, let her faint. (He turns to Mary Warren.) Faint!  Act 3, Page 85  This is when the court first has the idea of getting Mary to prove the other girls are frauds by getting her to pretend to faint. She will not because she is afraid of what the girls will do to her. Or cannot, for fear of the court  This is one of the highest points of tension in the whole play because everything and everyone is focused on Mary, relying on her in one way or another to either tell the truth or to lie. But there is so much pressure on Mary that she can’t say anything. The pressure builds and builds until Mary cracks then Abigail launches a perfectly timed attack. Just when people are confused about whom to believe Abigail turns on Mary and makes them believe her.  The girls turning on Mary is a dramatically effective part in act three. This is because when the girls turn on Mary you feel sorry for her due to the fact she is torn between telling the truth to the court or joining the girls again to prevent them from accusing her.  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Mary Warren, do you witch her? I say to you, do you send your spirit out?† Danforth, Act 3, Page 87  When Danforth asks her this question Mary snaps and pushes herself away from Proctor.  Mary Warren, Act 3, page 88  This is when Mary’s delicate relationship with Proctor breaks down and she will no longer cover for him and put herself at risk from being accused by the rest of the girls.  Abigail : (Looking about the air, clasping her arms about her as though cold): I – I know not. A wind, a cold wind, has come. (Her eyes fall on Mary Warren.)  Mary : (Terrified, pleading): Abby!  Mercy : (Shivering): Your Honour, I freeze! Proctor : They’re pretending!  Hathorne : (Touching Abigail’s hand): She is cold Your Honour, touch her!  Mercy : (Through chattered teeth ): Mary, Do you send this shadow on me?  Act 3, Page 87  This is when the girls first start to turn on Mary, she is a very fragile person and when they start to turn on her she doesn’t know what to do. She was used to pointing the finger of accusation not having it pointed at her and on her own she can’t cope. So she betrays the truth and goes back to the safety of the girls and being the accuser not the accused. Mary finally breaks down and accuses Proctor of witchcraft. Fearful for her own life, Mary realizes that the only way to save herself is to accuse Proctor of coercing her into attempting to overthrow the court. In this case the accusation contains some truth: Proctor did force Mary Warren into testifying, yet in this case the purpose is to promote true justice rather than to dispute it.  Elizabeth lying to protect Proctor is a dramatically effective part in act three because there is a lot of tension when Elizabeth is brought into the court. Miller uses dramatic irony when Elizabeth doesn’t know that Proctor has confessed to lechery and that they are testing her to see if Proctor was telling the truth. Elizabeth doesn’t know that it is Abigail that is being tried and so she lies to protect her husband but in fact by lying she is in the eyes of the court proving that her husband is a liar. Miller uses the frustration of Proctor as his wife is lying but there is no way he can tell her that by trying to protect him she is actually getting him into more trouble â€Å"Look at me, to your own knowledge, has John Proctor ever committed the crime of lechery! (In a crisis of indecision she cannot speak.) Answer my question! Is your husband a lecher!†Ã‚  Danforth, Act 3, page 91  You can see by this, that Danforth doesn’t give Elizabeth much choice and practically puts the words into her mouth. By saying is your husband a lecher he leaves her no choice but to say â€Å"no†. What kind of woman would call her husband a lecher in front of a court? â€Å"(There is a knock. He calls to the door.) Hold! (To Abigail.) Turn your back. Turn your back. (To Proctor.) Do likewise. (Both turn their backs- Abigail with indignant slowness) Now let neither of you turn to face goody proctor. No one in this room is to speak one word, or raise a gesture aye or nay. (He turns towards the door, calls.) Enter!  Danforth, Act 3, Page 90  The Audience feel frustrated because all that Elizabeth has to do is tell the truth and Abigail’s ruthless revenge will be stopped and the truth will be brought to light but there is no way Elizabeth could know this so she does what she thinks is the right thing and tries to protect her husband. In this scene Miller uses dramatic irony very effectively. Danforth makes the trial look fair but in fact gives Elizabeth no choice  but to lie.  Danforth : â€Å"Answer my question! Is your husband a lecher!  Elizabeth : (Faintly): No, sir.  Danforth : Remove her, Marshal.  Proctor : Elizabeth, tell the truth!  Danforth : She has spoken. Remove her!  Proctor : (crying out): Elizabeth, I have confessed it!  Act 3, Page 91  This point is the dramatic climax of the whole scene because it is the point where Elizabeth finally finds out what she has done, and she is distraught. Hale tries to reason with Danforth when he says, â€Å"Excellency it is a natural lie to tell† this shows that Hale is the voice of reason but for most of the time he is not listened to, like Proctor who spoken sense throughout – both are shut out in their ways. To save her husband from accusations of witchcraft, Elizabeth must condemn him for lechery. Miller establishes that Elizabeth is an honest woman who never lies, yet at the moment in which her honesty is most critical she chooses the noble yet practical lie that she believes will defend her husband. As Hale notes, it is a natural lie for Elizabeth Proctor to tell, yet an incredibly ill timed one; Elizabeth Proctor chooses dishonesty at the precise moment that her integrity matters the most. Act 3 of ‘The Crucible’ is so effective because Arthur Miller uses a wide variety of emotions for his characters and a good variety of action. One minute the scene can be rather quiet with just simple conversation and the next minute it can be very chaotic with characters hurling accusations and abuse at each other. The reason this play is so effective is because Miller uses moments of calm as well as moments of extreme action, if it was just action, action, action all the time the audience would become immune to it and the really important parts wouldn’t stick in your mind as much. Act 3 is relevant to the play as a whole because it is the Act where a lot of important things happen and it is the most dramatic, with a lot of tension and anger between different characters. It is what the first two acts have been building up to and you could say it is the climax of the whole play.  When Arthur Miller wrote the play, â€Å"The Crucible† in 1953 the contemporary audience could relate to the play due to the media coverage that was occurring at the time. This era was concerned with the political movement of communism; the McCarthy trials. The contemporary audience saw Miller’s play as relevant because of the effects of mass hysteria- the destruction of the community in Salem. Miller felt that the play had relevance although he didn’t write it for that.  The reason why the crucible is still so widely liked even though the witch trials are long gone is because it demonstrates the terrible effects of mass hysteria and what it can do to normally rational people.  The story reminds its readers of an ugly blemish on human history. It reminds us that man is not perfect, and that we can make mistakes. However, even with these mistakes, we can cleanse ourselves and purify ourselves by making right what is wrong.

Ashoka and Emperor ashoka ( choose heading) Essay

Ashoka and Emperor ashoka ( choose heading) - Essay Example However, a look at some of the stone pillars in some part of the modern-day India proves that such an empire existed. For example in Bihar, India, there are stone pillars that are inscribed with the Emperor’s statues and edicts. Ancient Sanskirt literature also shows that there was a great Emperor called Ashoka. In Sarnath city which is also in India, there are statues of lions which are now part of India’s National emblem (Rao 96). These are the Ashoka lions, of course named after the Emperor Ashoka. He Emperor ordered installation of these pillars (Joshi 60). A look at the statues and some of the stone pillars shows that the Emperor had them inscribed with merciful laws. Based on the evidence from Joshi’s book and a history professor called B.V. Rao, Emperor Ashoka waged a constant war for the first eight years when he was in power. It is also clear that the Emperor had inherited a large empire, which he expanded in his reign to include some of the other Indian subcontinent. He also expanded his empire to the modern-day borders of Burmese eastern border, western side of Bangladesh, Afghanistan and Iran (Rao 94). It was only Sri Lanka and other southern parts of India which remained out of the Emperor’s reach. However, despite the ancient Kalinga kingdom, north of India, being out of his reach, he attacked the kingdom in year 265. He took advantage of the fact that it was his second wife’s homeland, Kaurwaki. The Mauryan Emperor had sought refuge from his hostile half-brothers, in the Kalinga kingdom. He gathered the largest army in Indian history to attach Kalinga, which crumbled after losing most of its warriors. After going through the story about this Emperor and his dynasty I got surprised after discovering that he was one of the many ruthless rulers in human history to change into one of the most respected rulers. I expected to find a

Philosophy and Literature- Macbeth Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Philosophy and Literature- Macbeth - Essay Example Nights Dream one finds that the plays irrevocably revolve around the human failings of the central characters with the protagonist finally succumbing to the fated end of a tragic death. All the Shakespeare’s plays are fast paced and action packed human drama showcasing a sequence of events involving individuals with distinctive qualities which complement but at the same time clash with each other. This inherent inter-play of emotional turmoil helps dramatise the events and frequently hide the serious undertones of the philosophical ideologies of the author. McGuinn, in his book1 examines the various aspects of Shakespeare’s plays which govern the underlined principles of human life overflowing with bad luck and misery. We would be specially looking at Macbeth for the element of bad luck which follows the protagonist relentlessly till the end and subsequently discussing the Shakespearean philosophy of human misery and tragedy that invariably leads to death. The concept of bad luck implies that without this particular element, life would have been better which of course illustrates a fact recognized and often feared by all. Misfortune can befall anyone but the way one reacts and overcomes them becomes the deciding factor for a happy or miserable future of the person. It is equally true that bad luck brings out the hidden characteristics and suppressed desires of the people which are normally denied because they might lead to disastrous end-results. Shakespeare’s understanding of human nature is displayed in his plays which seem to have an uncanny fascination for creating situations that expose these attributes of the persons resulting in utter misery and tragedy. Macbeth is a high voltage drama involving an ambitious hero in a plot that is full of intrigue, murders, betrayal and revenge resulting in violence and tragic death of the hero. The presence of supernatural elements in the form of witches and ghost add that extra ingredient of Machiavellian thrill

Ford-Harris Matrix Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Ford-Harris Matrix - Coursework Example Students are required to and can create a new product from the information on heroes, holidays, etc. Students are taught and know the concepts, themes and perspectives of cultural groups Students are taught and can understand cultural concepts, themes and perspectives. Students are required to and can apply information learned about cultural concepts, themes and perspectives Students are taught and can analyze important cultural concepts, themes and perspectives. Students are taught to and can critique cultural concepts, themes and perspective. Students are asked to and can create products on cultural concepts, themes and perspectives. Students are given information on important events, themes, etc. and can understand this information from various perspectives as diverse ethnic and cultural groups. Students are taught to understand and can demonstrate an understanding of important events and themes from various perspectives as diverse ethnic and cultural groups. Students are asked to and can apply an understanding of important events and themes from various perspectives as diverse ethnic and cultural groups. Students are taught to and can examine important events and themes from various perspectives as diverse ethnic and cultural groups. Students are taught to and can evaluate or judge important events and themes from various perspectives as diverse ethnic and cultural groups.

Expound deeper meanings of the movie The Strangers (2008) Essay

Expound deeper meanings of the movie The Strangers (2008) - Essay Example The review further finds that the film deviates from the usual blood and gore but focuses on being â€Å"suspenseful and brilliantly invested in silence† (par.2). Thus, obviously, the movie’s purpose is not to present the usual graphic flicks of violence and bloodshed in the name of horror but to illustrate the intricacies of human life, where the â€Å"seeming† differs from the â€Å"real.† Thus, the movie subtly portrays a hidden meaning that the house that appears to be safe hosts horrors lurking beneath the surface and the couple who seems to be so close are in fact distanced from each other. In the beginning of the movie, as the couple drives across the street, the audience views a serene, peaceful and calm neighborhood, with several houses that look quiet elegant and clean, with beautiful gardens. Thus, overall the impression one gathers is that of a safe and tranquil environment. Then the movie shows blood on the wall and a gun as the audiences list ens to a 911 report in progress. Thus, by contrasting a serene environment with the telltale signs of brutal violence, the movie reveals that there is a hidden meaning about the home and that all is not well as it seems. The movie then goes into the flashback mode, showing the events that resulted in the distress call. The couple has been to a marriage reception and they decide to take a retreat at the residence, which is the summer home of the boy’s family. Thus, for the couple there exists the presumption of safety attached to the villa. However, as the couple enters the home and takes a walk around the audience can feel a disconcerting aura around the home, which is one of the most significant elements for making it a subtle horror movie. The creepiness enhances as the film progresses, especially with the introduction of the girl, who knocks at the door, asking for Tamara. From then on, the concept of safety of the home dissipates and fear starts creeping in. Thus, the mov ie reveals that there is something hidden about the home, a lurking primeval fear below its calm and serene appearance. A while after they reach the home, James, the protagonist, proposes to Kristen, saying â€Å"I remember the first time I saw you,† which suggests that the couple have been seeing each other for a while (Bryan 2008). However, Kristen refuses. Thus, the audience receives the first hint that though they appear familiar with each other, there is something that separates them. As the movie progresses, the audience feels an undercurrent of tension that mounts between them. It becomes more pronounced when James begins to have the ice cream without waiting for his girlfriend, though he knows she will join him soon. The accompanying music in these scenes accentuates the tension between them. Subsequently, James offers the ring back to Kristen telling her, â€Å"Take it because I can’t take it back† (Bryan 2008). Kristen does not respond and keeps runnin g her fingers through her untied hair. However, when James offers her the wine bottle from which he has taken a swig, she accepts and takes herself a swig too. This gesture connotes to a personal bonding, which, in fact, does not exist between them. Thus, though both these characters act as if they are quite familiar with each other, their closeness is literally wearing off. Besides, though the couple shows certain intimacy between, their relationship does not seem mature enough to culminate into a

Using an event case study of your choice, discuss and analyse the role Essay

Using an event case study of your choice, discuss and analyse the role and evolution of events and their impact on society - Essay Example They were competing in 43 events. As from the year 1994, the Olympics of summer and winter have been done separately and have been alternated after every two years. The Olympic Games were closely related to the religious festivals of the cult of the Zeus. It was not the Integral part of the right. Indeed, they had a unique behavior and their aim was to show the physical qualities and the tremendous performance of the young generation. In addition, it was aimed at fostering good relations between the cities in Greece. According to the views of the specialists, the games had vital importance to the religion and owed them their purity. The Olympic Games are the sole and complex scheme, and its extent, range and complexity are like no other. Therefore, following this reason, for a town to host a fruitful Olympic games, many years of keen and precise planning is required, with all the relevant authorities, organizations and stakeholders working in unity together. Many games are played in the Olympics. These games include Rugby, athletics, Badminton, Judo, Olympic, Swimming, Boxing, Table tennis and many others. The beginning of the Olympic games is buried deep in the ancient times. Historical records show that a weird Olympic was played in Egypt 3,000 years ago and Ethiopia it was played 1000 BC. Several museums give evidence of this event played in Greeks and Romans. In South Africa, history states that Olympic was played in Aztec Indians before Columbus landed in the new universe. The current game of Olympic advanced in England in the early 18th century. It evolved mainly in the schools of England. The first competition done for Olympic for men was in 1908 games in London Olympics, in England. Ireland, Scotland and England were the main competitors. Olympic had many controversies since it was started. After appearing for the first time in 1908, it was subsequently dropped in the 1912 event. It then appeared in 1920, in